莫哈利 城镇

Mohali, officially Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar or Ajitgarh, is a planned city in the Mohali district in Punjab, India, which is an administrative and a commercial hub lying south-west of Chandigarh. It is the headquarters of the Mohali district and one of the six Municipal Corporations of the State. It is officially named after Sahibzada Ajit Singh, the eldest son of Guru Gobind Singh. It is one of the major satellite cities of Chandigarh and is part of the Chandigarh Capital Region.

Mohali has developed rapidly as an Information technology hub of the state of Punjab, and has thus grown in importance. The Government of Punjab has initiated significant infrastructure and recreation projects in attempts to increase the standard of living in Mohali. Roads have been built to create networks between Mohali and Chandigarh International Airport to boost its international connectivity.

Mohali was earlier a part of the Rupnagar district and was carved out and made a part of a separate district in 2006.

History

Early history

Prehistoric evidence has been found in Mohali and its surrounding regions. Due to the presence of the lake, fossil remains with imprints of a large variety of aquatic plant, animal, and amphibian life have been found. As a part of the Punjab region, it has many rivers in the areas where it is speculated that ancient and primitive settlements by humans began. Some 8,000 years ago, the area was also known to be a home to the Harappans.

Medieval history

Mohali means settlement. The village of Mohali was a part of the Cis-Sutlej states in the Malwa region of Punjab.

The village Lambian, located in the city, was visited by Guru Har Rai, the 7th Guru of the Sikhs.

City design

Mohali and Chandigarh are contiguous, separated by the administrative boundary between Punjab and the Union Territory of Chandigarh. The original plan of Mohali was conceived as an extension of Chandigarh’s sector-based urban design, incorporating an approximately 800 m × 1,200 m grid pattern similar to that of Chandigarh.

The first eleven sectors of Mohali are commonly referred to as Phases. Initial development extended up to Phase 7. Expansion beyond Phase 8 began in the late 1980s, and the city’s bus stand was constructed during the development of Phase 8 in the mid-1990s.

Greater Mohali Area Development Authority master plan

According to the GMADA master plan, the city extends up to Sector 128, incorporating several surrounding villages.

Climate

Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar has a sub-tropical continental monsoon climate characterised by a seasonal rhythm: hot summers, slightly cold winters, unreliable rainfall and great variation in temperature (−1 to 44 °C or 30 to 111 °F). In winter, frost sometimes occurs during December and January. The average annual rainfall is recorded at 617 millimetres (24.3 in). The city also receives occasional winter rains from the west.

Average temperature

Summer: The temperature in summer may rise to a maximum of 47 °C (117 °F) . Temperatures generally remain between 30 and 40 °C (86 and 104 °F).

Autumn: In autumn, the temperature may rise to a maximum of 36 °C (97 °F).

Demographics

Languages

As per 2011 census, Mohali's urban agglomeration (metropolitan area) had a population of 176,152, out of which males were 92,407 and females were 83,745. The effective literacy rate (7+ years) was 93.04% per cent. The sex ratio of Mohali is 906 females per 1,000 males.

Sikhism is the majority religion in Mohali which is followed by 51.53% of the people. Hinduism is the second most followed religion which is adhered to by 45.55% of the people. Minority religions like Islam and Christianity are followed by 1.68% and 0.79% of the population, with 0.45% are Buddhists, Jains and others.

Politics and government

The Deputy Commissioner, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service, is the overall in charge of the General Administration in the Districts of India. Currently, Girish Dayalan is serving as Deputy Commissioner. The civic administration in Mohali under the Municipal Corporation (established 1984), a body of elected councillors and is headed by a Commissioner chosen from the elected members.

Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar is a Municipal Corporation, with Kulwant Singh as the first mayor.The corporation is currently administered by Municipal Commissioner Sh. Sandeep Singh Garha, PCS, while Sh. Sarbjeet Singh serves as Mayor.

Transport

Roads

The main bus stand of this city is located in Sector 56, where many government and private bus operators provide services to different cities of the state. Chandigarh Transport Undertaking (CTU) provides bus connectivity with the rest of the city. Chandigarh Sector 43 Bus Stand and Bus stand of 17 Sector are also close to Mohali.

Auto-rickshaws ply throughout the city. There are several third-party transportations available.

Rail

Mohali Railway Station is situated in Industrial Area, Phase 11 and connects the city with several important locations in the region such as Delhi, Ludhiana and Amritsar, as well as other parts of the country.

Air

Shaheed Bhagat Singh International Airport is located near Aerocity in Mohali.

Economy

Mohali's economy is largely manufacturing-based, the major companies in the region include Punjab Tractor Limited (PTL), ICI Paints, and Punjab Communications Limited. Also small- and medium sized companies, such as Torque Pharmaceuticals, are based in Mohali.

Telecommunications service providers including Tata Communications, Vodafone and the Godrej Group operate within SAS Nagar. SAS Nagar's role in facilitating multinational corporations is growing, with contributions from global tech giants such as Quark and Philips.

Sports

Mohali contributes greatly to sports within the Punjab region (most notably Minerva Academy), with 8 multipurpose sports complexes equipped football, field hockey, cricket, swimming, table tennis, athletics, volleyball, badminton, tennis, etc. It has two international cricket stadiums, latest being Mullanpur International Cricket Stadium. It also home to the Mohali International Hockey Stadium.

Cricket

In 1990, the Punjab Cricket Association (PCA) unveiled a plan to build a state-of-the-art facility complete with a separate practice ground—to be built in a swampy area in the city.

Hockey

The city has the International Hockey Stadium which serves as the home ground for the hockey club, Punjab Warriors, of Hockey India League.

Places of interest

Places of tourist interest in and around this region include the following:

Fateh Burj

Religious places

Gurudwara Amb Sahib

Gurudwara Amb Sahib is a historical shrine situated in Sector 62, Mohali commemorates the visit of the 7th Guru of Sikhs, Guru Har Rai. The place also commemorates the meeting of Guru Har Rai with his famous Sikh Bhai Kuram, a Labana trader. This shrine is managed by SGPC, Amritsar.

Shri Shiv Mandir

Shri Shiv Mandir is an old Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva, situated in Phase1.

Gurudwara Singh Shaheedan

This shrine is situated in the village Sohana, close to Sector 70 constructed in memory of the martyrdom of Jathedar Baba Hanuman Singh, a Nihang Jathedar.

Dera Dargah Sharif Bakarpur

This shrine is situated in the village Bakarpur, in Aerocity, near Mohali Airport.

Parks and gardens

Nature Park, Phase 8

Upcoming developing areas

Aerocity, Mohali

Aerotropolis, Mohali

Other nearby places

Sikh Ajaibghar, Sector 119, Village Balongi, Village Bar Majra

VR Punjab, Kharar

Gurudwara Nabha Sahib - Zirakpur

CP67 Mall, Mohali

KSB Mall, Mohali - Sohana Project (KSBE)

KSBG (Gymnasium) - Sohana Project (KSBE)

Education

Schools

Anee's School, Sector-69, Mohali

Doon International School, Sector-69, Mohali

Gian Jyoti Public School, Phase 2, Mohali

Gurukul World School, Sector-69, Mohali

Learning Paths School, Sector 67, Mohali

Shivalik Public School, Mohali

Yadavindra Public School, Sector 51, Mohali

Universities

Plaksha University Alpha, Sector 101, IT City Rd, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar

Chandigarh University NH-95, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali

Science and medical colleges

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar State Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS, Mohali)

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali (IISER Mohali)

Engineering colleges

Indo Global Colleges

Shaheed Udham Singh College of Engineering & Technology

Healthcare

The city has several speciality hospitals. Government dispensaries also are present in some sectors. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar State Institute of Medical Sciences of phase 6 is the oldest government hospital in the city and the new hospital is in Sector 66.

The city has many multi-facility private hospitals like the Max Super Speciality Hospital, Fortis Hospital, Silver Oak Hospital, Ivy Hospital, Indus Super Speciality Hospital, Mayo Hospital, Cheema Medical Complex, Mukat Hospital and Heart Institute, Cosmo Hospital, Amar Hospital, Grecian Super Speciality Hospital, Sohana Hospital, Ace Heart and Vascular Institute, SGHS Hospitals, AM Hospital, ESI Hospital and Regional Spinal Injury Center (Sector 70).