城市 › 巴基斯坦

米尔布尔二级行政中心

New Mirpur City · 阿扎德克什米尔

124,352人口 GeoNames

458 米海拔

Asia/Karachi时区

国家 / 地区: 巴基斯坦
一级行政区: 阿扎德克什米尔
坐标: 北纬 33.15°，东经 73.75°

示意图，边界据 Natural Earth，不作为划界依据。

百科（英文）

这个词条没有中文维基百科条目，下面是英文维基百科的原文。

Mirpur, officially known as New Mirpur City, is the capital of Mirpur district located in Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is the second largest city of Azad Kashmir and the 74th most populous city in Pakistan.

A significant portion of the population from the district, the Mirpuri diaspora, migrated to the United Kingdom in the mid-to-late 1950s and in the early 1960s. Mirpur is thus sometimes known as "Little England" or "Little Britain". Many British products are found, and many shops in the city accept the pound sterling.

History

The city of Mirpur was founded in around 1640 AD or 1050 AH by the local Ghakhar chief Miran Shah Ghazi during Mughal rule. The Imperial Gazetteer of India Provincial Series Kashmir and Jammu (1909) reports that Mirpur "is said to have been founded by Miran Shah Ghazi and Sultan Fateh Khan." An alternative view is that the city was founded by Mira Shah Gazi and Gosain Bodhpuri, both regarded as saints. The word 'Mir' was taken from the name of the former and 'Pur’ from the latter.

The area that is now Mirpur has been historically associated with Pothohar region of Punjab, though the modern demarcation of Pothohar devised by the British excludes Mirpur, by using the Jhelum River as its eastern boundary. By the end of the 18th century, Gakhar power in Pothohar had declined. Mirpur had become part of Chibb, which ruled the state of Khari Khariyali with its capital located at Mangla Fort. With the rise of the Sikh power in the Punjab, Maharaja Ranjit Singh established his position and set his eyes to the north on the Chibh states of Bhimber and Khari Khariyali. In 1810, a force was sent against Raja Sultan Khan of Bhimber and was met with fierce resistance, causing the Sikhs and their Dogra allies to retreat. However, in 1812 another Sikh army under prince Kharak Singh defeated Raja Sultan Khan, and the Bhimber state was annexed as Jagir of Kharak Singh. Around the same time, Ranjit Singh acquired Gujrat and invaded Khari Khariyali, then ruled by Raja Umar Khan. Exhausted by conflict, Raja Umar Khan made peace with Ranjit Singh; but before a settlement could be made, he died.

Geography

Mirpur lies at the foothills of the Himalayas mountain range of an altitude of 648 metres or 2,126 feet above sea level and is linked with the main Peshawar-Lahore Grand Trunk Road at Dina Tehsil in Jhelum District. It is the headquarters of Mirpur District, which has two subdivisions: Mirpur and Dudial.

Climate

Mirpur has a humid subtropical climate. The average annual temperature is 25.1 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1,380 millimetres or 54.3 inches. Since it is in the extreme south of Jammu and Kashmir, the city has a climate that is extremely hot during summer, making it very similar to the Pakistani areas of Jhelum and Gujar Khan.

Industry

The government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir has promoted the industrial development of Mirpur and private investment in a diverse economy: foam, polypropylene, synthetic yarn, motorbikes and scooters, textiles, vegetable oil (ghee), wood and sawmills, soap, cosmetics, marble, ready-made garments, matches and rosin, turpentine. The economy of Mirpur contributes to the economy of Azad Kashmir. However, much of the infrastructure still needs improvement so that higher-quality products can be produced.

As part of the relief and compensation package in the wake of the Mangla Dam, a new city is being developed along the southeastern outskirts of Mirpur, with the main city of Mirpur being expanded. Much construction is occurring throughout the district by Pakistani and Chinese contractors, raising the dam. Four towns in the district have been planned near the new city to resettle the population affected by the project.

Education

English is common in educational institutes. Previously, the University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir was the only institution for higher studies but there have been significant changes in the educational infrastructure. The Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), the Akson College of Health Science and the Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Medical College have been formed.

The AJK Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Mirpur is responsible for the studies at lower levels. In addition to the state-run schools and colleges, Mirpur has a well-developed private sector providing the education to all sections of the society:

Other notable colleges and schools include:

The City School

Mohi ud Din Islamic Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Roots Millennium Schools

Beaconhouse School System

Sports

Football, cricket and volleyball are popular in Mirpur. Mirpur has a cricket stadium, Quaid-e-Azam Stadium.

There are registered sports clubs: Al-Fatah Cricket Club is one of the top clubs in the city which is among the top 10 Clubs of Pakistan. Other clubs include Eagle star Cricket Club, South Asia Cricket Club. Notable cricketers include Zaman Khan who plays for Lahore Qalandars in Pakistan Super League, Hassan Raza who has represented Pakistan in U-19 world Cup and Shadab Khan who is also playing for Northerns in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy.

Pilot Football Club, Youth Football Club and Kashmir National FC. The district football team of Mirpur take part in the All Azad Jammu and Kashmir football championships.

Transport

Auto rickshaws are very popular mode of transport for short routes within the city. The city's transport system links it to a number of destinations in Azad Kashmir notably Bhimber, Jatlan, Chakswari, Dadyal, Kotli and Khoi Ratta and to major cities in Pakistan as well as including services to Gujrat, Jhelum, Kharian, Gujranwala, Lahore and Rawalpindi.

There is no railway station in Mirpur. The closest station is in Dina. The promise of a rail extension to Mirpur has not been fulfilled.

Islamabad Airport, which services the Mirpur region, is 130 km away. Sialkot International Airport is 110 kilometres away. An international airport has been planned. The location of the airport has not been determined, but possible locations near Mirpur are Mangla, Jatlan and Bhalwhara. In August 2013, the National Assembly and the prime minister approved the airport. It was determined that the airport would be constructed in two years after funding. The promise of an international airport is yet to be fulfilled, and a group of British MPs have written to the Pakistani PM to bring it to his attention.

Demographics

Population

According to the 2017 census, Mirpur had a population of 124,352. Mirpur's original population comprises different tribes similar to that of Punjab. However, since 1947, residents from the neighbouring Rajouri and Poonch districts of the Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir have largely settled in the Mirpur city and the surrounding areas. The bulk of the Mirpuri diaspora resides in England.

Hindu and Sikh communities

Before the Kashmir War in 1947, the Mirpur District had about 75,000 Hindu and Sikhs, who made the majority population of Mirpur city and amounted up to 20 percent of the population of the district. A great majority of them lived in the principal towns of Mirpur, Kotli and Bhimber. Many Hindu and Sikh refugees from the Potohar region of Northern Punjab had taken refuge in Mirpur town, causing the non-Muslim population to increase by 25,000. On 25 November 1947, tribesmen and Pakistani military members attacked and seized the city. Of the minority population, only about 2,500 Hindus or Sikhs escaped to the Jammu and Kashmir along with the State Forces. The remainder were marched to Alibeg, where a gurdwara was converted into a prison camp, but the raiders killed 20,000 of the captives along the way and abducted 5,000 women. Only about 5,000 made it to Alibeg, but they continued to be killed at a gradual pace by the captors. In March 1948, the ICRC rescued 1,600 of the survivors from Alibeg, who were resettled to Jammu and other areas of India.